1. Constipation leads to dry and hard stools, which can directly cause or worsen anorectal conditions such as proctitis, anal fissures, and hemorrhoids. 2. When stool is retained during constipation, it produces a large amount of harmful substances. The absorption of these substances can disrupt gastrointestinal nerve function, leading to symptoms like loss of appetite, abdominal bloating and pain, nausea, a bitter taste in the mouth, and excessive flatulence. 3. Hard stool during constipation can compress the intestinal mucosa, causing ischemia and leading to the formation of ulcers in the intestinal cavity. 4. Chronic constipation can result in prolonged retention of carcinogenic substances in the intestines, potentially increasing the risk of colorectal cancer. 5. Constipation can trigger cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, even posing life-threatening risks for the elderly. In middle-aged and older adults, straining during constipation increases abdominal pressure, holding breath can elevate blood pressure and intracranial pressure, and vagal inhibition of the heart can lead to cardiovascular events such as angina or myocardial infarction. 6. Long-term constipation increases the risk of intestinal obstruction.