Medications for treating intractable hiccups may be effective, but none have been evaluated through randomized trials. Baclofen, a centrally acting antispasmodic, is initially administered at 5 mg three times daily, with the dosage gradually increased as needed, up to 60 mg per day. Chlorpromazine, which has potent sedative effects, is taken at 10-20 mg every 4-6 hours. Metoclopramide, a gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, cannot be used long-term due to its potential to cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
Additionally, medications such as quinidine, haloperidol, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid, and nifedipine may also successfully terminate persistent hiccups. Benzonatate, an approved cough suppressant, is a local anesthetic derived from tetracaine. After absorption and circulation to the respiratory tract, it distributes to the mucous membranes, anesthetizing the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve, thereby suppressing cough and hiccups.
The recommended dosage is 100 mg orally every 4 hours, not exceeding 600 mg per day. To avoid excessive numbness in the mouth and throat, patients must be instructed not to bite or chew the medication before swallowing. It typically takes effect within 20-30 minutes after administration.